Colorectal cancer is one of the most common yet least discussed health threats in the Philippines.
Every year, nearly 20,000 new cases are recorded, and half of those diagnosed do not survive. Despite medical advancements, many Filipinos still seem unaware of the risks, early warning signs, and the importance of routine screening.
In the most recent episode of Health Matters, host Doc Tong Untalan had a chat with Dr. Lydana Casuga, a colorectal surgeon at Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center (BGHMC), to discuss the realities of colorectal cancer, the myths surrounding it, and why early detection is key to survival.
What is colorectal cancer, and who is at risk?
Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum and develops from abnormal cell growths called polyps. These can turn cancerous over time, so early detection allows for successful treatment before the disease worsens and spreads.
Dr. Casuga emphasized that while aging is a major risk factor, younger people are also developing colorectal cancer at an alarming rate. Traditionally, most cases are diagnosed in individuals over 50, but today, more patients in their 30s and even 20s are being treated.
Several factors contribute to the increasing number of cases, including a diet high in processed foods, smoking, alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Those with a family history of the disease face an even higher risk, doubling their chances of developing it. If an immediate relative has been diagnosed, screening should begin at age 40 or ten years earlier than the age at which their relative was diagnosed.
Debunking myths about colorectal cancer
Many misconceptions prevent people from taking colorectal cancer seriously. One of the most common myths is that only the elderly develop it. While the majority of cases occur in people over 50, younger patients are becoming increasingly common, especially those with poor dietary habits or environmental risk factors.
Another dangerous misconception is that if there are no symptoms, there’s nothing to worry about. In reality, early colorectal cancer is often asymptomatic, which is why screening is so important. By the time noticeable symptoms such as blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, or abdominal pain appear, the disease may already be in its advanced stages.
Why are Filipinos diagnosed so late?
One of the biggest challenges in fighting colorectal cancer is the tendency for patients to seek medical help only when symptoms have become severe. Many cases are detected at stage three or four when treatment options become more complicated and survival rates are lower.
Dr. Casuga pointed out three main reasons why early screening remains underutilized in the Philippines:
- Lack of awareness: Many Filipinos believe that only the elderly develop colorectal cancer or that symptoms such as changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding are minor issues that don’t require immediate medical attention.
- Cost concerns: Colonoscopy, the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening, can be expensive and is primarily available only in major cities. While fecal occult blood tests (which involve looking for blood in stool samples) are more affordable, they are not widely used.
- Limited accessibility: Rural communities often lack medical facilities that offer proper screening, leaving many Filipinos with undiagnosed conditions.
A national screening program could significantly improve early detection rates. In fact, a study found that 86% of Filipinos would willingly undergo screening if it were more accessible, proving that public demand exists but resources are lacking.
Hope after diagnosis
Not all colorectal cancer diagnoses end in tragedy. Dr. Casuga shared the story of a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with stage three rectal cancer. When she first sought medical attention, the tumor was already advanced. However, with timely surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, she successfully completed treatment and has remained cancer-free for six years.
Survivor stories like this prove that colorectal cancer is not a death sentence.
With proper treatment and close monitoring—typically for at least five years post-treatment—many patients can go on to live healthy lives.
Can lifestyle changes reduce one’s risk of developing colorectal cancer?
One of the most pressing questions is whether colorectal cancer can be prevented through lifestyle changes. The answer, according to Dr. Casuga, is yes.
Studies show that making healthier choices can reduce the risk by up to 50%.
Filipinos’ growing reliance on processed and canned foods, such as tocino and longganisa, is a major cause for concern. These foods contain preservatives that may contribute to the development of cancer.
Meanwhile, a diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables—such as kamote (sweet potatoes), malunggay, and bananas—can promote better gut health and lower cancer risk.
Regular exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake further help in maintaining a healthy digestive system. While genetics play a role, lifestyle remains one of the most controllable factors in cancer prevention.
What treatment options are available?
Surgery remains the primary treatment for colorectal cancer, often combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy depending on the stage.
Some hospitals in Manila are beginning to offer robot-assisted surgery, which allows for more precise operations, but the prohibitive costs make it largely inaccessible.
For patients needing financial assistance, government programs such as PhilHealth’s Colorectal Z Benefits Package provide some relief. However, there’s still a long way to go in ensuring that all Filipinos—especially those from lower-income households—receive the treatment they need.
The importance of community support
A cancer diagnosis takes a mental and emotional toll on patients and their families. The financial burden of treatment often leads entire families to pool resources, while the emotional strain can cause anxiety and depression.
For patients requiring colostomy bags, the adjustment can be particularly challenging. Many fear social stigma or struggle with self-esteem.
Support groups play an essential role in helping patients and their families cope by providing a community where people can share experiences and find encouragement.
Screening saves lives
Colorectal cancer is both preventable and treatable, but only if detected early. Raising awareness, making screening more accessible, and encouraging Filipinos to prioritize their health could save thousands of lives every year.
If you or someone you love is at risk, don’t wait for symptoms to appear—schedule a screening now.
For more expert discussions on health and wellness, tune in to Health Matters every Saturday at 9 AM on YouTube and Facebook.
Catch all Health Matters episodes on the Baguio Chronicle’s official YouTube Channel.
